F256K Keyboard

The F256K has a built-in keyboard, as hinted by the 'K' in its name.

Programs can interact with the keyboard through a kernel, or directly with the device.

Device Information

Programs interacting directly with the keyboard device will communicate with it through two WDC VIA (Versatile Interface Adapter) controllers and the CPU's NMI signal. For the complete description of VIA, see WDC's specification. The keys are controlled as follows:

• Restore key is controlled by NMI signal from the CPU.
• Right arrow and down arrow are controlled by VIA0.
• Rest of the keys are all controlled by VIA1.

The VIA controllers themselves are memory-mapped, visible to CPU I/O Page 0. They're memory-mapped to these locations:

VIA0_PRA  =  $dc01  ; VIA#0 (Port Register A)
VIA0_DDRA =  $dc03  ; VIA#0 (Data Direction Register A)

VIA0_PRB  =  $dc00  ; VIA#0 (Port Register B)
VIA0_DDRB =  $dc02  ; VIA#0 (Data Direction Register B)

VIA1_PRA  =  $db01  ; VIA#1 (Port Register A)
VIA1_DDRA =  $db03  ; VIA#1 (Data Direction Register A)

VIA1_PRB  =  $db00  ; VIA#1 (Port Register B)
VIA1_DDRB =  $db02  ; VIA#1 (Data Direction Register B)

The typical way to poll for the majority of the keys (i.e., all the keys except right arrow, down arrow, and Restore) is to write to VIA1 port A, then read from VIA1 port B. Functionally, you might observe the reverse to also work on hardware. That said, the role of port A is to short the pin while port B has pull-ups, therefore it is best for the health of the system components to write to port A and read from port B. The examples below assume this standard direction.

For example, the space bar is mapped to bit 7 of port A, bit 4 of port B. So to detect the user hitting the space bar, first initialize the keyboard as follows:

; Initialize matrix keyboard
; Designate port A for write, and port B for read.
LDA #$FF
STA VIA1_DDRA
LDA #$00
STA VIA1_DDRB

Then to poll for input, use

; Space is PB4, PA7
LDA #(1 << 7 ^ $FF)
STA VIA1_PRA
LDA VIA1_PRB
CMP #(1 << 4 ^ $FF)
BEQ SpaceBarPressed

See this chart for a complete reference to use VIA1 Port A and B to detect the rest of the keys:

	VIA1 PB0	VIA1 PB1	VIA1 PB2	VIA1 PB3	VIA1 PB4	VIA1 PB5	VIA1 PB6	VIA1 PB7
VIA1 PA0	Delete	Return	Left Arrow	F7	F1	F3	F5	Up Arrow
VIA1 PA1	3	W	A	4	Z	S	E	Left Shift
VIA1 PA2	5	R	D	6	C	F	T	X
VIA1 PA3	7	Y	G	8	B	H	U	V
VIA1 PA4	9	I	J	0	M	K	O	N
VIA1 PA5	Minus	P	L	Caps	Period	Colon	At	Comma
VIA1 PA6	Plus	Asterisk	Semicolon	Home	Right Shift	Alt	Tab	Forward Slash
VIA1 PA7	1	Backspace	Control	2	Space	Foenix	Q	Run/Stop

The right and down arrows use both VIA0 and VIA1 controllers. For the right and down arrows:

	VIA0 PB0	VIA0 PB1	VIA0 PB2	VIA0 PB3	VIA0 PB4	VIA0 PB5	VIA0 PB6	VIA0 PB7
VIA1 PA0	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Down Arrow
VIA1 PA1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
VIA1 PA2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
VIA1 PA3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
VIA1 PA4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
VIA1 PA5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
VIA1 PA6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Right Arrow
VIA1 PA7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-

Finally, the Restore key is relayed through the NMI signal of the CPU.

For an additional reference, see the manual.