VICKY
VICKY - the graphics engine
"Vicky" is the name of the graphics engine of the C256 Foenix. It supports:
- 640x480@60FPS Max Resolution @ 256 Colors (1 Byte per pixel)
- 32 Sprites with a resolution of 32x32 pixels
- 4 layers of tiles with a resolution of 16x16 pixels for each tile
- Text Mode
During the video layer composition, Vicky has to read 1 line of bitmap (640 pixels), 1 line of tiles for each layer (4x 640 pixels) and all the lines that are part of the 32 Sprites (worst case scenario 32 lines of 32 pixels), that are displayed on that line. Then a composition and priority encoding is done. In order to establish a priority, in other words, to know which pixel will be in front, Vicky needs to store 10 lines of 640 pixels then scan the lot and determine which one will be displayed.
640 + 640 + 640 + 640 + 640 + (32 * 32) = 4224 Pixels are to be read during a single line interval. The pixel rate is 200Mbytes/sec, 5ns, so the overall operation takes 21.12us, without calculating the overhead in the FPGA to go from one process to the other.
The pixel index value $00 is always transparent, regardless if it's bitmap, tile or sprite. The respective values of the first 4 bytes represented in the LUT are thus always ignored.
Despite the fact that there is an ALPHA value in the LUT, it is not supported/used at all.
Vicky Gloabl Memory Map:
| Start Address | Stop Address | Register Description | Additional Info |
|---|---|---|---|
| $AF:0000 | $AF:0000 | MASTER_CTRL_REG_L | Vicky Master Control Registers |
| $AF:0001 | $AF:0001 | MASTER_CTRL_REG_H | |
| $AF:0002 | $AF:0002 | VKY_RESERVED_00 | |
| $AF:0003 | $AF:0003 | VKY_RESERVED_01 | |
| $AF:0004 | $AF:0004 | BORDER_CTRL_REG | Border Control Registers |
| $AF:0005 | $AF:0005 | BORDER_COLOR_B | |
| $AF:0006 | $AF:0006 | BORDER_COLOR_G | |
| $AF:0007 | $AF:0007 | BORDER_COLOR_R | |
| $AF:0008 | $AF:0008 | BACKGROUND_COLOR_B | Background Control Registers |
| $AF:0009 | $AF:0009 | BACKGROUND_COLOR_G | |
| $AF:000A | $AF:000A | BACKGROUND_COLOR_R | |
| $AF:000B | $AF:000F | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0010 | $AF:0010 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_CTRL_REG | Cursor Control Registers |
| $AF:0011 | $AF:0011 | VKY_TXT_RESERVED | |
| $AF:0012 | $AF:0012 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_CHAR_REG | Char used as the Cursor |
| $AF:0013 | $AF:0013 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_COLR_REG | Color Choice for the Cursor |
| $AF:0014 | $AF:0014 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_X_REG_L | Cursor Position X |
| $AF:0015 | $AF:0015 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_X_REG_H | |
| $AF:0016 | $AF:0016 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_Y_REG_L | Cursor Position Y |
| $AF:0017 | $AF:0017 | VKY_TXT_CURSOR_Y_REG_H | |
| $AF:0018 | $AF:001B | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:001C | $AF:001C | VKY_INFO_CHIP_NUM_L | Vicky Chip Part Number |
| $AF:001D | $AF:001D | VKY_INFO_CHIP_NUM_H | |
| $AF:001E | $AF:001E | VKY_INFO_CHIP_VER_L | Vicky Chip Version |
| $AF:001F | $AF:001F | VKY_INFO_CHIP_VER_H | |
| $AF:0020 | $AF:00FF | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0100 | $AF:0100 | TL0_CONTROL_REG | Tile 0 Register Set |
| $AF:0101 | $AF:0101 | TL0_START_ADDY_L | Start Address Within the Video Memory |
| $AF:0102 | $AF:0102 | TL0_START_ADDY_M | |
| $AF:0103 | $AF:0103 | TL0_START_ADDY_H | |
| $AF:0104 | $AF:0104 | TL0_SCROLL_X | |
| $AF:0105 | $AF:0105 | TL0_SCROLL_Y | |
| $AF:0106 | $AF:0107 | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0108 | $AF:0108 | TL1_CONTROL_REG | Tile 1 Register Set |
| $AF:0109 | $AF:0109 | TL1_START_ADDY_L | Start Address Within the Video Memory |
| $AF:010A | $AF:010A | TL1_START_ADDY_M | |
| $AF:010B | $AF:010B | TL1_START_ADDY_H | |
| $AF:010C | $AF:010C | TL1_SCROLL_X | |
| $AF:010D | $AF:010D | TL1_SCROLL_Y | |
| $AF:010E | $AF:010F | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0110 | $AF:0110 | TL2_CONTROL_REG | Tile 2 Register Set |
| $AF:0111 | $AF:0111 | TL2_START_ADDY_L | Start Address Within the Video Memory |
| $AF:0112 | $AF:0112 | TL2_START_ADDY_M | |
| $AF:0113 | $AF:0113 | TL2_START_ADDY_H | |
| $AF:0114 | $AF:0114 | TL2_SCROLL_X | |
| $AF:0115 | $AF:0115 | TL2_SCROLL_Y | |
| $AF:0116 | $AF:0117 | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0118 | $AF:0118 | TL3_CONTROL_REG | Tile 3 Register Set |
| $AF:0119 | $AF:0119 | TL3_START_ADDY_L | Start Address Within the Video Memory |
| $AF:011A | $AF:011A | TL3_START_ADDY_M | |
| $AF:011B | $AF:011B | TL3_START_ADDY_H | |
| $AF:011C | $AF:011C | TL3_SCROLL_X | |
| $AF:011D | $AF:011D | TL3_SCROLL_Y | |
| $AF:011E | $AF:011F | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0120 | $AF:013F | UNDEFINED - RESERVED | |
| $AF:0140 | $AF:0140 | BM_CONTROL_REG | Bitmap Registers Set |
| $AF:0141 | $AF:0141 | BM_START_ADDY_L | Start Address Within the Video Memory |
| $AF:0142 | $AF:0142 | BM_START_ADDY_M | |
| $AF:0143 | $AF:0143 | BM_START_ADDY_H | |
| $AF:0144 | $AF:0144 | BM_X_SIZE_L | Needs to be set to 640 |
| $AF:0145 | $AF:0145 | BM_X_SIZE_H | |
| $AF:0146 | $AF:0146 | BM_Y_SIZE_L | Needs to be set to 480 |
| $AF:0147 | $AF:0147 | BM_Y_SIZE_H | |
| $AF:0148 | $AF:014F | BM_RESERVED |
Modes
Modes are enabled and disabled via the Vicky Master Control Register at $AF0000 via the control bits:
| Mstr_Ctrl_Text_Mode_En | = $01 | Enable the Text Mode |
| Mstr_Ctrl_Text_Overlay | = $02 | Enable the Overlay of the text mode on top of Graphic Mode (the Background Color is ignored) |
| Mstr_Ctrl_Graph_Mode_En | = $04 | Enable the Graphic Mode |
| Mstr_Ctrl_Bitmap_En | = $08 | Enable the Bitmap Module In Vicky |
| Mstr_Ctrl_TileMap_En | = $10 | Enable the Tile Module in Vicky |
| Mstr_Ctrl_Sprite_En | = $20 | Enable the Sprite Module in Vicky |
| Mstr_Ctrl_GAMMA_En | = $40 | Enable the GAMMA correction - The Analog and DVI have different color values, the GAMMA is great to correct the difference |
| Mstr_Ctrl_Disable_Vid | = $80 | This will disable the Scanning of the Video information in the 4Meg of VideoRAM hence giving 100% bandwidth to the CPU |
Bitmap Layer
The bitmap is stored anywhere in $B0 bank memory. If the bitmap is supposed to start at $B0:0000, the BM_START_ADDY has to be set to $00:0000.
- BM_CONTROL_REG = $AF0140
- Bit 0 = disable/enable
- Bit 1-3 = Target LUT address located at AF:2000 and up.
- BM_START_ADDY_L = $AF0141
- BM_START_ADDY_M = $AF0142
- BM_START_ADDY_H = $AF0143
LUT
A LUT, namely a Look-Up-Table, stores a selection of colors. 256 colors are supported in the video composition, which are selectable out of 16.777.216 colors in the 24 Bit RGB color scheme. The LUT also contains an 8 Bit alpha channel, though it isn't supported. In summary, the LUT has $400 (1024) bytes - and the order for composing it is B -> G -> R -> A.
As an example, if you would want to compose a LUT of 16 base colors, it would look like this:
| Address | Hex Values (BGRA) | Decimal RGB Value |
|---|---|---|
| $AF:2000 | -- ignored -- | -- ignored -- |
| $AF:2004 | 00 00 00 00 | 0, 0, 0 |
| $AF:2008 | FF FF FF 00 | 255, 255, 255 |
| $AF:200C | 00 00 88 00 | 0, 0, 136 |
| $AF:2010 | EE FF AA 00 | 238, 255, 170 |
| $AF:2014 | CC 44 CC 00 | 204, 68, 204 |
| $AF:2018 | 55 CC 00 00 | 85, 204, 0 |
| $AF:201C | AA 00 00 00 | 170, 0, 0 |
| $AF:2020 | 77 EE EE 00 | 119, 238, 238 |
| $AF:2024 | 55 88 DD 00 | 85, 136, 221 |
| $AF:2028 | 00 44 66 00 | 0, 68, 102 |
| $AF:202C | 77 77 FF 00 | 119, 119, 255 |
| $AF:2030 | 33 33 33 00 | 51, 51, 51 |
| $AF:2034 | 77 77 77 00 | 119, 119, 119 |
| $AF:2038 | 66 FF AA 00 | 102, 255, 170 |
| $AF:203C | FF 88 00 00 | 255, 136, 0 |
| $AF:2040 | BB BB BB 00 | 187, 187, 187 |
Adressing anything in the LUT is achieved by simply dividing the lower 10 bits of target color address by 4.
